Retrogrades

A planet is retrograde when its apparent motion against the zodiac reverses (optical effect from Earth–planet geometry). Charts mark retrograde with “R” beside the glyph on the natal-wheel.

Interpretive sketch (natal)

Retrograde often internalizes or revisits that planet’s themes — not “bad,” but less straightforward outward expression. Examples:

• Mercury — reflective thinking, review of contracts and messages
• Venus — reconsider values and bonding patterns
• Mars — redirected drive, delayed assertion
• Jupiter / Saturn — less common; refine growth or duty inwardly
• Uranus, Neptune, Pluto — long retrograde periods; nuance generational placement

Speed and station dates come from ephemeris data (julian-day-ephemeris). Transit retrogrades are a separate timing topic; see progressions for natal unfolding.